falcon In the article “Anne Boleyn’s Coronation Procession” Nasim wrote about the display at Leadenhall where “a castle was constructed, with a ‘heavenly rouse’ at the top whilst red and white roses sprung forth. From this heavenly rose descended a falcon which landed on a stump.

An angel in armour then descended and crowned the falcon.” A child then spoke the following words written by Nicholas Udall:-

“Honour and grace be to our Queen Anne,
For whose cause an Angel Celestial
Descendeth, the falcon (as white as [the] swan)
To crown with a diadem imperial!
In her honour rejoice we all,
For it cometh from God, and not of man.
Honour and grace be to our Queen Anne!” ¹

This tableau was full of symblism, as it also consisted of St Anne and the “Three Marys”, and was an expression of the hope of the City “that the pregnant Anne Boleyn would go on to rival the maternal success of her patron saint” ², but it also introduced Anne Boleyn’s badge – the crowned white falcon holding a sceptre, perched on a tree stump and surrounded by roses.

But why did Anne choose this badge? What does it symbolise?

The Origins and Meanings of Anne Boleyn’s Badge

falcon_colour Here are the main parts of Anne Boleyn’s badge:-

The White Falcon

In his book “The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn”, Eric Ives writes of how the white falcon came from the heraldic crest of the Butlers who were Earls of Ormonde. Anne’s father, Thomas Boleyn, was related to the Butlers of Ireland through his mother and was granted the Earldom by Henry VIII after the King forced Piers Butler to relinquish the title in 1528. This falcon also appears on the brass of Thomas Boleyn at Hever Church, his resting place (see our Thomas Boleyn brass rubbing. So, the falcon was derived from the Butler family but let’s look at the meaning of a falcon when used in heraldry:-

” [It] is derived from the Latin “falx”, meaning sickle, a reference to the Falcon’s wing shape in flight. Egyptians associated the Falcon with the ‘Eye of Horus’. The god Horus was believed to appear in the form of Pharaoh’s Falcon or as a Falcon-headed god. The mythology states he could see everything at once because one eye was the sun and the other was the moon. It is written that Falcons were permitted to ride on Pharaoh’s nape as his protector and divine spirit. Falcons were used in a royal sport known as falconry. Is the art of training Falcons (or hawks) to pursue and attack wild fowl or game; falconry started in ancient China and Persia and soon became prevalent with the royals of ancient Egypt; the Falcon was associated with the Egyptian sun god ‘RA’ and later the Christians adopted it as an emblem of the saviour. A venerable symbol of majesty and power, heraldic writers add that the Falcon denotes someone eager, or hot in the pursuit of an object much desired; if seated on its ‘rest’ or perch it may signify a bearer who is ready and serviceable for high affairs.”³

So, not only was Anne referring to noble lineage (through the Butlers) but she may also have been saying that she was majestic, powerful, eager and ready to do her job as Queen.

Ives points out that Anne Boleyn’s use of the falcon as her badge was new at this time. When her father had been made Earl of Ormonde, Anne had used a coat of arms (or shield) which showed “her mother’s descent from Edward I and from the earls of Surrey, her father’s earldom of Ormonde and his earlier barony of Rochford, but she continued with the Rochford badge of the black lion rampant. When she became marquis of Pembroke a coronet was added to this achievement and the monogram “AP” adopted, but again no bird.” ⁴. It seems, according to Ives, that Anne was either granted the badge on her marriage to Henry VIII or chose to use it at this time.

The Tree Stump and Roses

Ives writes of how the tree stump or “woodstock” was “a centuries-old royal badge”⁵ and would have referred to Henry VIII’s right to the throne, but that this combined with the falcon landing on it and roses bursting forth spoke clearly of life bursting forth “from the barrenness of the Tudor stock.” ⁶ Anne saw herself as the one who would give Henry his longed for son and continue the Tudor line.

The roses on Anne Boleyn’s badge are not the Tudor rose but rather the red rose of Lancaster and the white rose of York and Ives writes of how this is also referring to Henry VIII’s right to the throne of England, through his father Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond (a Lancastrian), and his mother Elizabeth of York. Henry VIII brought the claims of the Lancastrian and Yorkists together.

The Crown

The falcon on Anne’s badge is wearing a crown and although this could be seen to be referring to Anne as Queen, Ives writes of how Nicholas Udall’s verses, which were used during Anne’s coronation procession, point out that it was a “close” or an “imperial” crown, rather than a monarch’s crown. Eric Ives writes that “this was a deliberate allusion to the claims Henry had recently emphasized that he had the power of an emperor in his won kingdom and so was entitled to reject papal authority.” ⁷

The Sceptre

Anne Boleyn’s white falcon is holding a sceptre which, Ives is quick to point out, not only refers to Henry and Anne being king and queen, but is also a symbol of God-given authority.

Anne Boleyn the White Falcon

At Anne Boleyn’s coronation a ballad about the white falcon was performed, here are some verses from it:-

“Of body small,
Of power regal
She is, and sharp of sight;
Of courage hault,
No manner fault
Is in this falcon white”

and

“And where by wrong
She hath flown long
Uncertain where to [a]light;
Herself repose
Upon the Rose
Now may this falcon white.
Whereon to rest
And build her nest,
God grant her most of might!
That England may
Rejoice alway,
In this same falcon white.” ⁸

In the second verse above, Ives writes of how Udall is no doubt referring to “papal obstructiveness” and the way that justice had now been done, through Henry’s break with Rome, and Ives also points out that the description of the falcon in verse one could also be used to describe Anne herself.

Anne Boleyn’s Shield

Here I must thank Olivia Peyton from the Anne Boleyn – Heretic Heart Facebook group for pointing out number 14 in the notes corresponding to Chapter 15 “Image” in “The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn” by Eric Ives. On page 398 of my 2004 edition, in note 14 ⁹, Ives writes of how Anne Boleyn’s shield of arms was changed from being quartered into:-

Ormonde

Brotherton
Rochford
Warenne

Lancaster
Angoulême

Guienne
Quarterly Ormonde and Rochford
Brotherton

Warenne

Ormonde obviously refers to the Boleyn’s links with the Butlers and Thomas Boleyn being Earl of Ormonde, and Rochford refers to the Rochford title which was given to Anne’s father in 1525 and to her brother in 1529, but what about the others?

Well, from my research, I have found the following

Brotherton – Thomas Brotherton (1300-1338) was the first Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Boleyn (née Howard) was descended from him.

Lancaster – The Lancaster bit could refer to Henry VIII’s Lancastrian roots and Anne’s links to the Plantagenets through her mother, who was descended from Edward I.

Angoulême – This could refer to Anne’s intimacy with Marguerite of Angoulême, a woman who, according to Ives, Anne saw as a royal role model. See also below, in the Warenne section, for the Warenne/Plantagenet/Angoulême links.

Guienne – Guienne or Guyenne is now known as Aquitaine and is a region of France known for Eleanor of Aquitaine (wife of Louis VII of France and then Henry II of England, the Plantagenet king) and being a Protestant Huguenot stronghold. Katherine Swynford, third wife of John of Gaunt, had the maiden name of Katherine de Roet de Guienne and John of Gaunt was the Duke of Aquitaine, as well as being Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III and member of the House of Plantagenet. Henry VIII’s grandmother, Margaret Beaufort, was descended from John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford and Anne Boleyn could trace her family (through her mother) back to Edward I, John of Gaunt’s great-grandfather.

Warenne – This must refer to the House of Warenne, an Anglo-Norman house whose name came from the the town and river of Varenne in Normandy, France. The first Earl of Warenne or Warren was William de Warren who was also the first Earl of Surrey during the reign of King William II. In 1163, the widow of William de Blois, who was the 4th Countess of Warren and Surrey, married Hameline Plantagenet, half-brother of Henry II. Hameline became the 5th Earl of Warren and Surrey and it was at this point that the Warren title became part of the inheritance of the House of Plantagenet (or Anjou). The wikipedia page on the House of Warenne is rather complicated but it does mention a John de Warren who, in 1247, married to the daughter of Hugh de Lusignan (Earl of March and Angoulême) and Isabelle d’Angoulême, widow of King John and the mother of Henry III who was father of Edward I. My brain is somewhat exploding at this point but there is obviously a link between the House of Warenne, the Angoulêmes, the title of Earl of Surrey (which was inherited by the Howard family) and the Plantagenets. There does seem to be a link here between Anne Boleyn, who can trace her family, through her mother, back to Edward I, and Henry VIII who also had Plantagenet roots. Is your head exploding yet?

I may have gone off on a complete tangent here and got it all completely wrong so please do correct me if you find anything out about these families and house, but it is rather interesting isn’t it?

Notes

1 – Ballads from Manuscript, ed. F. J. Furnivall. Ballad Society (1868-1872) p389 quoted in The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, Eric Ives 2004.

2 – The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, Eric Ives (2004), p220.

3 – Armorial Gold Heraldry Symbolism Library, http://www.heraldryclipart.com/symbolism/f.html

4 – The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, Eric Ives (2004), p221.

5 – The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, Eric Ives (2004), p221.

6 – The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, Eric Ives (2004), p221.

7 – The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, Eric Ives (2004), p222.

8 – Ballads from Manuscript, ed. F. J. Furnivall. Ballad Society (1868-1872) p390-391 quoted in The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, Eric Ives 2004.

9 – The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, Eric Ives (2004), p398.

Sources

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